Which of the following is a recognized risk factor for falls in older adults?

• A. Regular exercise
• B. Adequate lighting
• C. Orthostatic hypotension
• D. Regular sleep schedule

Answer: (C)

Orthostatic hypotension is a drop in blood pressure that happens when a person stands up, which can cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting. In older adults, this can occur more easily due to aging-related changes in blood pressure regulation, dehydration, or the effects of medications that lower blood pressure. When standing, reduced blood flow to the brain can trigger instability and increase the risk of a fall. The other items are protective factors for falls: regular exercise strengthens balance and legs, adequate lighting helps you see obstacles, and a regular sleep schedule supports daytime alertness and coordination. So, this sudden blood pressure drop on standing is the recognized risk factor for falls among the options.