Which of the following is a risk factor for falls in older adults?

• A. Muscle weakness
• B. Regular exercise
• C. Adequate lighting
• D. Healthy vision

Answer: (A)

Loss of muscle strength makes it harder for the body to control movement and respond to balance disturbances. In older adults, strong leg muscles are crucial for standing up, taking stable steps, and correcting a wobble quickly. When those muscles are weak, a small slip or uneven floor can lead to a fall because the person can’t generate enough force fast enough to regain balance. This is why muscle weakness is a clear risk factor for falls.

Regular exercise reduces fall risk by building strength and improving balance, so it’s protective rather than a risk factor. Adequate lighting helps people see hazards like steps or clutter, and healthy vision aids in detecting obstacles, both of which reduce the chance of a fall.